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A1–C2 · TOEFL iBT

TOEFL iBT Practice Test 23

AI-generated practice paper in the style of TOEFL iBT — original material, not a reproduction of any real exam paper, following the official task types. Listening audio is read aloud by your browser's voice. For Speaking you can record yourself and compare with a model answer, and Writing tasks include a model answer — neither is scored automatically, since that needs real speech and writing evaluation this site does not offer for this exam.

Reading

Complete the Words

Type the missing letters to complete the words in the paragraph.

Solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity. Each panel contains many small cells made from sili, a material that releases electrons when light strikes it. These moving electrons cre an electric current, which an inverter then chan into the form used in homes. Panels work best in dir sunlight, but they still prod some power on cloudy days. The cost of the technology has fal by roughly ninety percent in a decade, so many house now install it. The remai difficulty is storing energy for the even, when demand is high.

Read in Daily Life

Read the text and answer the questions.

Subject: Your moving quote Hi Daniel, Based on the two-bedroom apartment you described, we estimate $480 for the move, including packing materials but not packing labour. Adding two movers to help pack would bring the total to $650. Quotes are valid for 30 days. Let us know if you'd like to book a date.

1. What is included in the $480 estimate?

2. How long is the quote valid?

Email: Rehearsal time change this week Hi everyone, Because the main hall is being used for exams, Thursday's rehearsal will move to the small hall next door, same time, 7:00 p.m. Please arrive a few minutes early since the room is smaller and chairs will need rearranging. Next week we return to our usual room. See you Thursday! Conductor

3. Why is the rehearsal location changing this week?

4. What are choir members asked to do?

Read an Academic Passage

Read the passage and answer the questions.

Around 1200 BCE, a network of interconnected civilisations spanning the eastern Mediterranean—including the Mycenaean palaces of Greece, the Hittite Empire in Anatolia, and numerous trading cities on the Levantine coast—collapsed within roughly a century, in what historians call the Late Bronze Age collapse. Palace administrations disappeared, long-distance trade in tin and copper (needed to make bronze) broke down, and several major cities were destroyed and never resettled. No single cause fully explains the collapse, and modern scholars increasingly favour a "perfect storm" model in which several stresses combined. Climate records suggest a prolonged drought weakened agricultural output across the region. Egyptian inscriptions describe attacks by groups referred to as the "Sea Peoples," although their identity and origins remain uncertain. Because Bronze Age states depended on centralised palace bureaucracies to manage trade and redistribute grain, a disruption to any single link—a failed harvest, a raid, an earthquake—could cascade through the entire interconnected system, much as a failure in one part of a modern supply chain can cause shortages elsewhere. Notably, not every society collapsed equally; Egypt survived in weakened form, while Assyria in Mesopotamia emerged largely intact, suggesting that resilience depended partly on how centralised and trade-dependent a given society had become.

5. According to the passage, what allowed disruptions to spread across the Bronze Age Mediterranean?

6. As used in the passage, what does "cascade" suggest?

7. What can be inferred about societies that were less centralised and less dependent on long-distance trade?

8. Why does the author compare the Bronze Age collapse to a modern supply chain?

9. What is the main idea of the passage?

Listening

Listen and Choose a Response

Listen to each speaker, then choose the best response.

1. Choose the best response.

2. Choose the best response.

3. Choose the best response.

4. Choose the best response.

5. Choose the best response.

6. Choose the best response.

7. Choose the best response.

8. Choose the best response.

Listen to a Conversation

Listen to the conversation, then answer the questions.

9. What accommodation are Emma and Isla discussing?

10. What seating change do they suggest?

11. What does Isla plan to do?

Listen to an Announcement

Listen to the announcement, then answer the questions.

12. How long will the east garage closure last?

13. What must vehicle owners do by Sunday evening?

Listen to an Academic Talk

Listen to part of a lecture, then answer the questions.

14. What is working memory, according to the lecture?

15. What is extraneous load?

16. What is germane load considered to be?

17. What does effective instructional design aim to do, according to the professor?

Writing

Build a Sentence

Click the words and phrases to put them in the correct order.

1. Why was the excavation stopped?

2. Where's Tom been recently?

3. What happened to the old cinema?

4. Are you satisfied with the service?

5. How did the printing press change society?

Write an Email

Write an email that responds to the situation.

You have found a mistake in the grade you received on a recent exam. Write an email to your instructor, Mr. Lambert. In your email, do the following: - Explain what you think the mistake is. - Give evidence for it. - Ask him to look at your paper again.
Show sample answer
Model answer: Dear Mr. Lambert, Thank you for returning our exams so quickly. While looking at my paper, I noticed what I think is an error in the marking of question 7. The question asked for two causes of inflation, and I gave demand pull and rising costs. You marked the second answer as wrong, but on page 214 of our textbook, cost-push inflation is described in exactly the way I explained it. I have also attached a copy of the page. Would you mind looking at my answer again? If I am mistaken, I would be glad to know why. I can bring the paper to your office hours on Wednesday if that is convenient. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Gabriel Torres

Write for an Academic Discussion

Read the discussion and write a post that contributes to it.

Professor Landry: In higher education today, we're discussing gap years. Is taking a year off between school and university a valuable use of time, or does it risk students losing academic momentum? Share your view. Bianca: A gap year is valuable. I worked and travelled for a year before starting my degree, and I arrived far more focused and mature than classmates who went straight through. Idris: I worry about momentum. Students who take a year off sometimes struggle to return to studying, and for subjects like mathematics, skills can genuinely fade if unused for a year. Write a post that contributes to the discussion (at least 100 words).
Show sample answer
Model answer: I mostly agree with Bianca, but Idris's point about subject-specific skill loss deserves a caveat rather than dismissal. For a subject that builds on constant practice, like advanced mathematics or a foreign language, a full year away probably does create some rust that needs shaking off, so I wouldn't recommend a completely unstructured gap year for every student in every field. Still, the maturity and clarity of purpose that Bianca describes are, in my experience too, genuinely common outcomes of a well-used gap year, whether spent working, volunteering or travelling. My suggestion would be that students planning a gap year keep some light contact with their subject, like reading or an online course, rather than abandoning it completely, so they get the benefits Bianca mentions without the specific risk Idris raises.

Speaking

Listen and Repeat

Listen to each sentence and repeat it exactly.

Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: I need to renew my library card.
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Model answer: The merger between the two companies was finally approved yesterday.
Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: Several classmates complained that the assignment instructions were confusing and poorly explained.
Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: Never share your banking password with anyone, even someone claiming to be support.
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Model answer: The waiter suggested we try the seasonal dish instead of our usual order.

Take an Interview

Answer each interview question. Speak for about 45 seconds.

Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: Yes, the lantern festival at the end of the lunar new year is important to my family. We gather every year to make and release paper lanterns together.
Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: I enjoy the sense of continuity most, since my grandparents did the same thing when they were children. It's one of the few traditions that has stayed almost completely unchanged across generations.
Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: Yes, last year I invited two friends who had never seen it before, and explaining the meaning behind each part of the celebration actually made me appreciate it more deeply myself.
Recorded on your device only — play it back and compare with the model answer.
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Model answer: I think they give people a strong sense of identity and belonging, especially as globalisation makes daily life feel more similar everywhere. Festivals like this preserve something distinct that would otherwise slowly fade away.
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